全世界 从A到Z- 使用人工智能会削弱大脑活动吗？

In a Swedish city just inside the Arctic Circle, a historic church is on the move.

在位于北极圈内的瑞典城市中，一座历史悠久的教堂正在进行搬迁。

And we don't just mean a congregation, we mean the entire structure.

我们指的不仅仅是教堂的会众，而是整个建筑结构。

It's being relocated three miles away from where it was built in 1912.

它将被迁移至距离1912年建造地点三英里远的新址。

The reason is because the ground beneath it has become unstable.

原因是其下方的地面已变得不稳定。

This is a mining town.

这是一个矿城。

It has been for decades.

这种情况已经持续了几十年。

The mine's operator is the largest employer in the community.

该矿的运营公司是当地社区最大的雇主。

And the company is paying the estimated $1 billion cost of moving the 670-ton church.

该公司正承担预计高达10亿美元的搬迁670吨教堂的费用。

Along with its massive pipe organ, the structure will still serve the city that built it, but it's a bittersweet occasion for the townspeople who grew up with the landmark at its original site.

这座教堂连同其巨大的管风琴一起， 仍将为建造它的城市服务，但对于那些在原址长大的市民来说， 这是一个苦乐参半的时刻。

Reuters News reports that thousands of people and numerous other buildings are being relocated here.

路透社新闻报道称，数千人和众多其他建筑物正在此地进行迁移。

The mining has produced most of Europe's iron ore, and the company hopes to expand its operations to obtain the rare earth elements used in smartphones and alternative forms of energy.

采矿活动已产出欧洲大部分的铁矿石，该公司希望扩展其业务以获取智能手机及替代能源形式中所使用的稀土元素。

But continued operations have left many buildings on weaker ground and resulted in the need for a new town center on more stable earth.

然而，持续的运营导致许多建筑位于地基较弱的地方，因此需要在更稳固的地基上建立一个新的市中心。

So, the city is literally on the move.

因此，这座城市实际上正在迁移。

Does the use of artificial intelligence come at the cost of using real intelligence?

使用人工智能是否意味着以牺牲真正的智能为代价？

That question factors into our next subject on the world from A to Z. I'm Carl Azuz.

这个问题涉及到我们接下来从A到Z的世界主题。我是Carl Azuz。

Welcome to the show.

欢迎观看节目。

A recent study out of MIT, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, assigned a series of SAT essays to dozens of people between ages 18 and 39.

麻省理工学院（MIT）最近的一项研究，将一系列SAT考试的作文题目分配给年龄在18至39岁之间的数十人进行测试。

One group used ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot, to help write them.

一组人使用了ChatGPT，一种人工智能聊天机器人，来帮助撰写这些内容。

One group used a search engine to gather info for the essays.

一组学生使用搜索引擎来收集论文所需的信息。

One used no computer tools at all.

一种方法完全不使用任何计算机工具。

Researchers looked at participants' brain activity during the study.

研究者在研究过程中观察了参与者的大脑活动。

It found that the brains of those who used ChatGPT, quote, consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic and behavioral levels.

研究发现，使用ChatGPT的人在神经、语言和行为层面上，其大脑表现持续不佳。

Brain activity was moderate for the search engine group.

搜索引擎组的大脑活动处于中等水平。

It was strongest for those who didn't use AI.

对于那些不使用人工智能的人来说，这种影响最为显着。

The findings raised questions about AI's potential impact on learning and how it should be used in education, as the paper's author says developing brains, like those of students, are at a higher risk.

研究结果引发了关于人工智能对学习潜在影响的疑问， 以及在教育中应如何使用人工智能的问题。正如论文作者所言， 正在发育的大脑，如学生的大脑， 面临更高的风险。

The sample size was limited, 54 people, all from around Boston, Massachusetts.

样本量有限，共54人，均来自马萨诸塞州波士顿周边地区。

The study has not been peer-reviewed yet by other researchers to independently assess its quality.

该研究尚未经过其他研究人员的同行评审，以独立评估其质量。

And some critics didn't like the way it was carried out.

一些批评者对搬迁的方式并不满意。

One compared AI to a calculator that, if used properly, could enhance learning instead of detract from it.

有人将人工智能比作计算器，如果使用得当， 它能够提升学习效果， 而非削弱之。

As far as the essays themselves, two English teachers who reviewed the chat GPT group's work said it lacked originality and was, quote, soulless.

至于这些作文本身， 两位审阅了Chat GPT组作品的英语教师表示， 这些文章缺乏原创性，并直言其“没有灵魂” 。

The findings come at a time when little is known about the effects of AI on our brains, and when many people are increasingly relying on it to assist in tasks and save time.

这些发现出现在我们对人工智能对大脑影响知之甚少的时期，同时也是越来越多的人越来越依赖它来协助完成任务和节省时间的时期。

In a fast-paced world, sometimes distractions can slow us down and impact our daily lives.

在一个快节奏的世界里，有时分心会拖慢我们的步伐，影响我们的日常生活。

Job performance suffers.

工作表现受到影响。

School performance suffers.

学校表现受到影响。

Relationships could suffer as well.

人际关系也可能因此受到影响。

Psychiatrist Dr. Avita Singh with the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center says there are many causes of short attention spans, but four of the biggest contributors are stress, anxiety, lack of sleep, and digital devices.

俄亥俄州立大学韦克斯纳医学中心的精神科医生阿维塔·辛格博士表示，导致注意力不集中的原因有很多，但其中四个主要因素是压力、焦虑、睡眠不足和数字设备。

To help yourself focus, Singh says to remember the acronym TAKE 5.

辛格建议，为了帮助自己集中注意力，可以记住缩写词TAKE 5。

T stands for Take Frequent Breaks.

T代表经常休息。

Step away from a computer.

离开电脑。

Go for a short walk.

去散个步吧。

She says this time away can help your mind reset.

她说，这段时间的远离可以帮助你的大脑重新调整。

A is for actively engaging in the task at hand.

A 代表积极投入到当前的任务中。

If you're trying to focus on one thing and can't, it may be time for a short break.

如果你正试图专注于某件事却无法集中注意力，或许该稍作休息了。

K is for keeping distractions at a minimum.

K代表将干扰降到最低。

That may mean putting your devices away, committing to not looking at social media, or letting coworkers know it's not a good time to talk.

这可能意味着要把你的设备收起来，承诺不去浏览社交媒体，或者告诉同事现在不是聊天的好时机。

E stands for eliminating multitasking.

E代表消除多任务处理。

Instead, put all your focus on completing one task.

相反，把你的全部注意力集中在完成一项任务上。

Finally, five is for five minutes.

最后，“五”代表五分钟。

That's about how long you may need to take a break to refocus.

大约需要这么长时间来休息一下，以便重新集中注意力。

Taking the time to think about these tips and figuring out how they work for your day-to-day life can be really helpful in at least starting to improve attention span, improve focus even a little bit, which can help day-to-day life a lot.

花时间思考这些建议， 并找出它们如何适用于你的日常生活， 至少在开始时， 能够真正有助于提高注意力持续时间，即使只是稍微改善专注力， 也能对日常生活产生很大帮助。

I'm Mandy Gaither.

我是曼迪·盖瑟。

World of Knowledge.

知识世界。

Under what U.S. President did Hawaii become America's 50th state?

夏威夷是在哪位美国总统任期内成为美国第50个州的？

Herbert Hoover, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson.

赫伯特·胡佛、德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔、约翰·F·肯尼迪、林登·B·约翰逊。

Hawaii's official admission to the Union took place on this date in 1959 with a proclamation by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

夏威夷于1959年的今天正式加入联邦，由德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔总统宣布这一公告。

August 21st, 1831 was when a black American slave named Nat Turner led a violent rebellion in Virginia.

1831年8月21日，美国黑人奴隶纳特·特纳在弗吉尼亚州领导了一场暴力起义。

In the days that followed, dozens of whites and blacks were killed.

在接下来的日子里，数十名白人和黑人被杀害。

The Virginia state militia got involved and eventually helped stop the rebellion.

弗吉尼亚州民兵介入并最终帮助平息了叛乱。

Today, Turner's legacy continues to be fiercely debated, with some supporting the actions he took and others opposing them.

时至今日， 特纳的遗产仍引发激烈争议，有人支持他所采取的行动， 也有人持反对意见。

The first of the Lincoln-Douglas debates took place in Illinois on this date in 1858.

1858年的这一天，林肯-道格拉斯辩论在伊利诺伊州首次举行。

The candidates spoke before a crowd of more than 10,000 people who had nowhere to sit.

候选人在一万多名无处落座的观众面前发表了演讲。

In all, there were seven debates between the two men.

总之，两人之间共有七次辩论。

And on this date in 1911, the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris, France.

1911年的今天，《蒙娜丽莎》从法国巴黎的卢浮宫博物馆被盗。

The theft helped give the work its worldwide fame.

这次盗窃事件帮助该作品赢得了全球声誉。

It was taken by an Italian man who'd worked at the Louvre and wanted to bring the portrait back to Italy where it was painted.

这幅画是被一位曾在卢浮宫工作、希望将这幅肖像画带回其创作地意大利的意大利人拿走的。

The thief served just over a year in prison after the Mona Lisa was recovered in 1913.

在1913年《蒙娜丽莎》被找回后，这名窃贼仅在监狱服刑一年多。

Where in the world?

世界各地在哪里？

This is an East African republic that gained its independence from Britain in 1963.

这是一个东非共和国，于1963年从英国获得独立。

The colors of its flag are black, red, green, and white.

其国旗的颜色为黑、红、绿和白。

It's located between Ethiopia and Tanzania, and its capital is Nairobi.

它位于埃塞俄比亚和坦桑尼亚之间，首都是内罗毕。

This is Kenya, a nation of more than 58 million people.

这是肯尼亚，一个拥有超过5800万人口的国家。

Just a couple guys headed out to fish on a lake in Kenya.

两个小伙子正准备去肯尼亚的一个湖上钓鱼。

But these days, the water is pretty hard to get around on, as it's covered in a green carpet of water hyacinths.

但如今， 这片水域变得相当难以通行，因为上面覆盖着一层厚厚的水葫芦绿毯。

The plant is also making it hard for fishermen to get any bites, because the plant's rapid growth has decreased the lake's population of fish.

这种植物还使得渔民难以有所收获，因为它的快速生长减少了湖中的鱼类数量。

Long ago, before the water hyacinth invaded, we used to get a good amount of fish, because the breeding zones had not been affected by water hyacinth.

很久以前， 在水葫芦入侵之前，我们还能捕到不少鱼，因为繁殖区还未受到水葫芦的影响。

When the water hyacinth affected the breeding zones, the fish decreased.

当水葫芦影响繁殖区域时，鱼类数量减少。

The pesky plant has cost the country's fishing industry between an estimated $150 and $350 million.

这种令人头疼的植物已导致该国渔业损失估计在1.5亿至3.5亿美元之间。

And it's resulted in heavy personal losses for people who rely on fishing for a living.

这导致了依赖捕鱼为生的人们遭受了严重的个人损失。

Since water hyacinth started growing in Lake Naivasha, we have tried getting a solution from the government, but it was not possible.

自从水葫芦开始在奈瓦沙湖生长以来，我们一直在尝试从政府那里寻求解决方案，但未能如愿。

So a small startup company, Hyapak, offered its own solution.

于是，一家小型初创公司Hyapak提出了自己的解决方案。

It pays fishermen to collect water hyacinths to make a biodegradable packaging material.

渔民收集水葫芦制作可生物降解的包装材料是有利可图的。

We harvest water hyacinth, dry it, and sell it to them.

我们收割水葫芦，将其晒干，然后卖给他们。

Hyapak chops the plants up finely into a sort of crumbly powder and adds that to a mix of chemicals it calls proprietary additives.

Hyapak将这些植物精细地切碎成一种松散的粉末，并将其加入到一种混合化学物质中，这种化学物质被称为专有添加剂。

This then is turned into a goo.

这随后被转化为一种黏稠物。

This goo is then placed in square containers to dry, and once it has dried, what's left is a nice sheet of biodegradable paper.

这种黏性物质随后被放入方形容器中进行干燥，一旦干燥完成， 剩下的就是一张优质的可生物降解纸张。

Hayapak is targeting its product to the agricultural sector.

Hyapak 正将其产品定位于农业领域。

It aims to make the sheets into bags for seeds that could be buried in the ground, hoping to eliminate the need for plastic seed bags.

该项目旨在将这些床单制成可埋入地下的种子袋，以期消除对塑料种子袋的需求。

What we're trying to look at is how do we use one problem, which is water hyacinth, to the other problem, which is plastic waste pollution.

我们正在尝试研究的是，如何利用水葫芦这一问题来解决另一个问题，即塑料废弃物污染。

Three of the states we haven't mentioned yet include Kansas, Georgia and Colorado.

我们尚未提及的三个州包括堪萨斯州、乔治亚州和科罗拉多州。

And the first of those, the Sunflower State, is where we see Ms. Alexander's class is with us.

第一个，也就是“向日葵之州”，正是亚历山大女士的班级所在的地方。

Satanta Junior Senior High School is where the Indians are watching in Satanta.

萨坦塔初中高中学校是印第安人正在关注的地方。

To the Peach State, want to give a big hello to Coach Martin's class.

向桃州问好，特别想向马丁教练的班级大声打个招呼。

Hardaway High School is the home of the Hawks in Columbus.

哈达威高中是哥伦布市鹰队的所在地。

And Mrs. Telljohn's class rounds things out for us today.

今天，泰尔约翰夫人的课堂为我们画上了圆满的句号。

The Firebirds are watching from Falcon Middle School.

火鸟队正在猎鹰中学观战。

It's in the Centennial State community of Peyton.

它位于百年州社区的佩顿。

Mm.

毫米。

Before we saddle up and ride off into the sunset, we rounded up a real-life roadside rodeo for you that recently took place in the Prairie State of Illinois.

在我们策马奔向夕阳之前，先为您带来一场真实的公路边牛仔竞技表演， 这是最近在美国伊利诺伊州这片草原之州上演的精彩一幕。

First, the getaway.

首先，是逃亡。

When its trailer was stopped at a gas station, well, this happened.

当它的拖车停在加油站时，就这样发生了。

As the animal approached the interstate, police got in touch with local cattlemen to corral the cow the cowboy way.

当这只动物靠近州际公路时，警方联系了当地的牧场主， 用牛仔的方式将牛围捕起来。

And they said with a little teamwork and a well-placed lasso, the cow was captured.

他们说，通过团队合作和巧妙放置的套索，成功捕获了这头牛。

When it's time to get bareback to basics, just rope in a couple of cowboys to come barreling in and grab the bull by the horns.

当需要回归基本、直面问题时，只需召集几位牛仔， 让他们勇往直前， 迎难而上，抓住问题的关键。

They're last so efficient in fencing in livestock that's running all roadie over the place, and you'd better believe they won't steer you wrong when a little dogey gets a long way away.

它们在围栏圈养四处乱跑的家畜方面非常高效，你最好相信， 当一只小狗跑得很远时， 它们不会引导你走错路。

I'm Carl Azuz, and I'm hoping to spur you on to watch the world from A to Z on Friday.

我是Carl Azuz，期待在周五引领您从A到Z全方位观察世界。

See y'all then.

再见